Mode division multiplexing free space optics system with 3D hybrid modulation under dust and fog

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging information transmission technique in which multiple data signals can be transmitted simultaneously on different modes of a single wavelength laser beam over free-space channel. MDM potential for the realization high-speed spectral efficient communication links future generations wireless networks. We present novel MDM-based optics (FSO) system. The system integrates 3D hybrid modulation scheme produced by combining carrier suppressed-non-return-to-zero (CSNRZ), differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK), and polarization shift (PolSK) schemes beyond 100 Gbps applications. Three unrelated 40 are modulated one optical utilizing three distinct signal properties: amplitude phase state (PolSK). proposed offers high-capacity system, where each channel transmits 4 as compared to 1 case OOK modulation. using Hermite Gaussian modes: (HG00 HG01) incorporated boost efficiency rates FSO link. 120 single-channel MDM-FSO link performance examined under impact levels dust fog environmental conditions quality factors received eye diagrams metrics. This achieved optimal performances up 1250 m (very light dust), 540 (light 170 (moderate 750 (low fog), 425 (medium fog). In worst-case scenario, manages work 67 range dense with maximum attenuation 297.38 dB/km 200 distance heavy only 90 less than 1/3rd measured event. addition, our results studies confirm that introduces greater fog. Therefore, encounter environment should considered bottleneck issue links. creative contribution this paper put forward bandwidth-efficient MDM-FSO-enabled B5G could deployed harsh challenging locations at reduced visibility. expected further technically sustainable owing use advanced orthogonal therefore find implementing 5G 6G cellular